:: FINIKE TO ANTALYA :: OLUDENIZ TO ANDRAKI :: MARMARIS TO OLUDENIZ ::

EPHESUS

Ephesus (present day Efes) is so splendid that you should allow time to see it in a leisurely fashion, preferably in the early morning light or dusk. This applies to all ancient sites, but to Ephesus and Selçuk in particular because of their scope and the crowds that descend from their charabancs in the middle of the day . You can reach it easily by dolmuş from Kuşadası.

HISTORY

Originally founded by the Carians in the 13th century BC, the site became an Ionian settlement in the 11th century BC and was later caught between the Persians and the Greeks , though the Ephesians perfected a skillful balancing act, remaining friends with both sides. After the detah of AlexanderLysimachus acquired the cith along with the Pergamum and Kuşadası and mopved the port silted by now with deposits from the river Cayster to its present position. The great age had begun. Continuing the parallel with Pergamum , Ephesus was given to Rome by Attalus 3rd and become the provincial capital. Ephesus also achieved importance as an early Christian centre. St. Paul preached here , and though he left after local opposition from the merchants , he had laid the foundations for Christianity , and wrote his famous epistles to the Ephesians afterwards.
Ephesus was the most important commercial port in the Mediterranean in the second century AD with a population estimated at 300,000. It was the provincial capital of Rome ; the Temple of Artemis (Diana) near Selçuk was considered one of the Seven wonders of the Ancient world ; and the virgin Mary is supposed to have lived , and possibly died, on a site 7 km. Above Selçuk , now occupied a small chaple. Consequently, it is hardly surprising that the city house a Hellenistic theatre which held 25,000 peole, surely the largest in Asia Minor; temples, gymnasiums, and a famous library, apart from suvh earthier but no less necessary additions as brothels , shops and public lavatories , the remains of which can also be seen today.
The paved Arcadian Way was the main street (AD 550) , once lined with shops under covered arcades on either side with colonnades , leading towards the harbour before it was silted up.
The great theatre is still in use for festivals . It was originally built in the third Century BC but was considerably altered and extended during the Roman times. St. Paul allagedly preached here during his stay in Ephesus. From the theatre you walk along the Sacred Way, passing what was once the busy agora . Just beyond is the celebrated Celcus Library. The facade has two tiers, with four columned porticoes on ground level and three above. Its decorations are of extraordinary delicacy thought the ultimate effectt is majestic. Opposite the Library, the street of Curetes, named after an order of priests , leads uphill. At the beginning on the left , stands the Baths of Scolastica (AD200), which includedpublic baths , a dining hall and , on the first floor , a dormitory. The building was rebuilt in the fourt century by a Christian Lady , Scolastica, whose headless statue you can still see in the ntrance hall . It may once have been a brothel ; a secret passageway ran under the street to the library.
Further along, there are many colums , statues and fountainsand then , in a street branching off to the right, you come to the Temple of Domitian. Opposite was one the state agora and walking up the hill to the north are the ruins of Prytaneon, once the municipial hall and, finally next door, the Odeon , a small theatre used for senate meetings and musical performances.

1. BODRUM

An enchanting and likeable town with many interesting sites to see such as the Castle of St. Peter which houses the excellent Hall of Underwater Archeology. The ancient city of Halicarnassus which houses the once massive tomb of Mausoleus, one of the seven wonders of the world, can also be seen although little remains of this great and powerful city.

***CASTLE ST. PETER

Inside the castle is one of the finest museums in the Mediterranean , with interest for all the family. The Crusaders, originally divided into seperate nationalities and languages, were responsible for the finance of their own particular part of the castle – hence the German , Italian , English and French Towers. The French is the highest and a good starting point with the best views ower the bay. The English Tower has a relief of a marble lion with the coat of arms of Edward Plantagenet. The Turks inside are dressed up as Knight of St. John and their damsels serve you goblets of wine to the sound of medival music. The greatest interest comes from the underater archeology and the extraordinary findas in recent years , some of which date back , astonishingly , to the 15th Century BC. Many of these treasures were taken from wrecks along this coastline. The amphore, Greek and Roman two handed urns for water , are so numerous they are almost common place, and the entire room is devoted to them. More exotic are the perfume containers , razors, mirrors and the bronze ignots taken from the wreck of a boat near Antalya which may have been crossing from Cyprus and astounding 3.400 years ago.
The recoveries come from four main wrecks , with pottery glass and ivory, but the two handled Mycenaen Greek pottery cup is probably the rarest of all. Opening times of the castle are 8.30 am to 12 noon and 1.30 to 5 pm daily. There is a small entrance fee, but if you have enjoyed your visit , or have been shown around, it would be a courteous gesture to contribute some more to the box as you leave.

***THE MAUSELOUM

Unfortunately, there is little more than a hole in the ground by contrast. If you wish to see the last excavated statues possibly of Mausolus himself, and his wife Artemisia – you need to go the British Museum where they were removed along with other British loot.

***THE THEATRE

This is the oldest surviving monument in Bodrum, sited on the hillside close to the original Mauseloum and capable of seating and audience of 10.000.

***THE BAZAAR

On the other side of the castle is Bodrums own Bazaar, a narrow street featuring scores of restaurants and bars, tiny shops selling fine leather, jewellery and beachwear. At any time of day or night there is always something going on here.

2. KARA ADASI

A large island with the hot springs ashore reputed to be beneficial for those suffering with rheumatism and arthritis.

3. PABUC

A small bay4 miles east of Kara Ada.

4. ORAK ADASI

A bare rocky island with 3 reasonable coves for anchoring.

5. KARGACIK BÜKÜ

A large bay 3 miles North of Orak Adası with a beach ashore and exceptionally clear water.

6. ALAKIŞLA BÜKÜ

A large bay 3 miles Noth East of Orak Adası.

7. ÇÖKERTME

An attractive bay with mountains rising steeply from the sand spit. Two simple restaurants can be found ashore which for a small fare can be reahed by tender run by the roguish Captain İbrahim. Carpets and provisions can also be purchased.

8. ÖREN

Once a tranquil spot but now spoilt by the construction of a large coal fired power station. The ruins of ancient Keramos are about a mile away from the anchorage.

*** KERAMOS

Keramos was founded in the 5th century BC and subsequently ruled by the Persians and Rhodians. In 129 BC like the rest of Caria, it became part of the Romn province of Asia.
In Byzantine times, Keramos was a bishopric. Situated at the foot of Mounth Mese the ruins consist of city walls, a temple known locally as the leaded building and a temple at Bakicak. Within the walls are the remains of four Roman period buildings one of which is the Basilica. There are rock tombs in the rock faces overlooking Ören plain. Carmalti Bay was the harbour of ancient Keramos which was extensively repaired during the Byzantine period.
Among the many churches built at this time is the one known locally as Maidens Church on the pointed summit of Meşekayası rock.

9. AKBÜK LİMANI

A remote bay surrounded by mountains dropping almost vertivcally into the sea.
The slopes are thickly cladded with pine giving a glorious green backdrop. Ashore there is an excellent restaurant of a surprisingly sophisticated nature.

10. GÖKOVA İSKELE

The small village of Gökova lies at the head of the Gulf which has a bus, taxi and communicatio srvices to Bodrum and Marmaris. There is a good restaurant ashore.

*** IDYMA

The ruins at Akyaka village in Gökova are those of ancient Idyma. The remains of the city walls can be seen at Mount Sarp, and there are ruins and tombs in the vacinity . Idyma is believed to have been founded in 400 BC. In 300 BC it was subjugated by Rhodes.

11. GELIBOLU BÜKÜ

A large bay

12. SEHİR ADALARI

(Snake and castle islands)

*** CASTLE ISLANDS

Ancient KEDREAI; part of the Rhodian Confederacy and later part of Roman Asia Minor (it was occupied by the Romansin 129 B:C a small beach on the west of the island is known as Cleopatrras beach.

*** CLEOPATRA BEACH

The tale behind the name is interesting . leopatra is believed to have taken residence on the island and one of hermany extravagant gestures was to have galleys of sand shipped from North Africa to create the beach for her lover Anthony to sunbath on. According to Professor Tom Goedike , the sand is not of the region and is indedd typical of American sand. The ruin on the island are romantically situated amid mature olive groves and the small theatre. There are numerous other remains close by. The small island nearby “TOMB ISLAND”is so named from an ancient sarcophagus found on it. Several restaurants and 2 small cafes / bars cn be found at Taş bükü.

13. SÖGÜT

A very attractive large bay with the slopes around denselly covered in pine. The water is renound for its purity and has been dubbed honey water bay by some. A couple of restaurants can be found ashore.

14. KESR

A fiord like entrance to this small bay which houses a fish farm.

15. DEĞİRMEN BÜKÜ

At the head of the bay many deciduous tree fragrant with amber , which is rare in the Mediterranean, can be found and well worth a ramble ashore. The restaurants advertise roast go at and often have fresh fish.

16. KARGILIBÜK

An attractive entrance to the bay although not recommended for swimming.

17. TUZLA

A small bay with a long inlet.

18. YEDİ ADALARI (seven ıslands)

A chain of small islands close to the coast with more rugged and wild surroundings. The only inhabitants apart from the vivid bue kingfishers and herons are 2 local fisherman who have a camp at the head of the lagoon. There is good underwater fishing around the islands.

19. AMAZON CREEK

An enchanting spot with pine growing out over the waters edge. A restaurant and bar can be found ashore.

20. GÖKÇELER BÜKÜ AND KÜÇÜK ÇATI

Four pretty and secluded coves without facilities.

21. KORMEN

Two harbours set in a spectacular location between towering mountains with beaches either side and restaurants nearby.

22. MERSİNCİK

A sheltered bay lying in attractive surroundings.

23. KNIDOS

The solitary ruins of Knidos are scattered about the slopes above the ancient harbour. The setting is delightful and the ruins are only part excavated but still there is much to see and enjoy.There are several restaurants ashore specializing in fish caught locally , but the meals here are not cheap.
This is one of the magical spots in Turkey , for the atmosphere and the setting , with its stupendous cliffs nearby, as much as for the extravagant extent of the ruins. These have been allowed to decay , but the remains indicate the importance of this huge city which was founded in 400 BC and served as a natural refuge for sailors at the crucial point where the aegean flows into the Mediterranean Sea. That was the only way to reach Knidos, yet the population has been estimated as high as 70,000 at its peak as the headquarters of the Greek Dorian Hexapolis. If it was half this, or even a quarter , such a figure is astonishing when you consider tht it would be more than the entier population of the Dacta Peninsula today. This was one of the busiest waterways in the world , explaining the chain of ports along the coastline , for ships bound for Rhodes, Crete and Egypt , ports like Ephesus and Priene, where the sea has long since receeded ; Halicarnassus and Cnidus;caunus ; Patara; Phaselis and Side. And there were many more than these.

24. ECHO BAY

A steep sided and secluded bay.

25. PALAMUT

A small harbour set in an unspoilt coastline with green valley behind which is a pleasant contrast to the bare rocky slopes further back. There is a fine beach and cyristal clear water and restaurants nearby.

26. KALABOSHI

Consisting of a small cove and a large bay with a craggy point used for military observations. A simple restuarant can be found near the beach.

27. DOMUZ BÜKÜ

A most attractive bay with pine down to the water and small hotel offering a restaurant and bar.

28. KARGI

A large and sheltered bay.

29. DATÇA

Datça is a pleasant sleepy spot but still has a large number of bars and restaurants near the harbor which can play music until the early hours. A wander around the shops or the ruins just north of the village may be of interest.

*** HISTORY OF DATÇA

It is thought that the first city of Knidos may have been located on the side of he modern Datça. The Datça Peninsula at that time comprised of four city states.
1.The first Knidos on the site of the Burgaz ruins between the town and Kizlar Ovası.
2. Bybassos near Emecik village notheast of Datça.
3. Acantos in Kargı Bay southe of Datça.
4. Tripium in Palamut Bükü.
The art of the ceramic making was well developpped in the region , and inscriptions tell us that three thousand slaves were emplyed in the potteries located at the Hızırşah village north west of Datça. When the Persians were advancing through Anatolia in 540 BC,cconquering every city in their path, the Knidiansput up a famous defensive that was described by Heredotus. The story goes as follows:
Neither the Carians nor the Greeeks of the region put up much of a defense against the Persians. The Knidians , however , who had come from Lacedaemonia and settled in the coastal area of Tripion next to the Bybassos were determined to resist. Their cith was surrounded by water except for a narrow isthmus half a mile in width. While Harpagos was warring in Ionia , the Knidians set to work to dig a channel through the isthmus (between Bencik and Gökçeler Bükü)to cut off their country from the mainland entirely , transforming it into an island. Almost the entire male population joint in the digging , but the rock shattered as it was struck with picks and the splinters injured so many , particularly in the eye , that in the end a messenger was sent to consult the oracle in Delphi. The answer was given in the form of an iambic poem.
Dig not the isthmus
Nor erect walls
If Zeus had wished
He would have made your land an island

The Knidians stopped work on the channel and surredered to Harpagos without attempting to put up a defense in 540 BC. Subsequently Knidos was rebuilt at the western end of the peninsula. Old Knidos on the fertile plains around Datça was not abandoned however, and later became a Bisphoric under the Byzantines.

30. DEĞİRMEN BÜKÜ

An attractive cove with a small village on the slopes rising from the beach.

31. KURUCA BÜKÜ

Thick pine forest cover the coastal flat as far as the massive holiday village which extends around the shores of this large bay. Several restaurants open for the summer.

32. GONLUCEK BÜKÜ

Attractive setting under steep to slopes set in this large bay.


We recommend STELLA’S CARPET SHOP in Datça

33. BENCİK

The steep tho slopes red rock landscape covered in pine is unusual and resembles the scenery around the Grand Canyon on smaller scale. The sheer cliffs of Dislice island at the of the fijord. The hot waterfrom a solar research station at the end of the bay is reported to encourage sharks to breed here.

34. KEYİF BÜKÜ

Attractive wooden surroundings are found in the bay of Keyif. Opposite there is a flat plain deposit ed from the river flowing into the sea and the small vllage of Hisarönü stands nearby.

35. KEÇİ BÜKÜ

One of the loveliest bays in the etire gulf. The terrain is varied and within the bay is a small island where there are ruins of anciaent castle. Some remains of the ancient city of Bybassos can be seen on the hills of Orhaniye village which was famed as a medical centre. One or two restaurants are on the shore.

*** BYBASSOS

The ruins of the ancient city of Bybassos can be seen on the hills of the Orhaniye Village. The remains of the city walls are scattered over a wide areain the woods although otherwise there is little left to see off the city , which was famed as a medical centre. The castle whose ruins can be seen on the little island date from the ancient Bybassos. The temple of Hemithea, which is mentioned in classical sources , has been excavated in the village market place. Inscriptions found here to describe how the sick were sedated in the temple and recovere their health. Amyth tell how Molpadia and Parthenos , the daughters of King Staphylus of Rhodes, were charged with protecting the newly invented wine which was considered to be sacred. While they were asleep pigs overturned the kegs. Upon awakening and seeing this disaster the two sisteres threw themselves off a crag rather than face the wrath of their father. Apollo saved them both and brought Molpadia to Pazarcık near Hisarönü due to her supposed ability to cure sick in their sleep. A temple was erected to her, as the goodess of health in the 4th century BC. The inscriptions tell us that many pilgrims came here to attend the ceremonies , that there was no space for the throng on the summit of Eren Dağı. Bybassos was subjugated by Rhodes in the second century and later by Rome. Some remains of temples and an amphitheatre can be seen in the district.

36 . TURGUT

A delightful bay in calm water.

37 . LODOS

Lodos is an upmarket villa hotel and restaurant bar purpose built to supply a litte bit of luxurious real estate in the middle of a wilderness

38 . PORTA LOSTA

A magnificent huge bay the slopes about it thickly wooded in pine.A small restaurant and a few cafes open in summer but other than that it is left unspoilt and well off the beaten tourist track.The bay is best explored by dinghy,due to its size and is an ideal spot for swimming.

***HYDAS (SELIMIYE)

The remains of Hellenistic period walls can be seen on the hills to the southeast of the bay.South of the walls is a square Mausoleum.On the shore is a watch tower and a tomb.Elderly villagers relate how foreign archaeologists who spent years excavating here,found valuable jewels and Money in the tombs.

39 . DIRSEK

Surrounded by mountainous and sparsely wooded scenery.Dirsek is well sheltered with a number of delightful bays nearby which are well worth exploring.

40 . BOZBURUN

Lying in the Somberki Gulf,Bozburun was once a large sponge fishing area but now mostly builds the Turkish boats called Gullets for the tourist trade.The village is attractively sited and an hour or two can be easily lost sippng a cold beer in the village sgaure or gazing out ove the waters of the by .

41 . SOGUT LİMAN

A large bay with the town of Sogut at the haed. The craggy and burnt out slopes have a savage wld aspect and the ruins of an ancient fortress are nearby atop a rocky knoll . A smaal restaurant opens in summer.

42 . BOZUK BUKU

A natural harbour with grand surroundings the ruins of ancient Loryma are scattered about the bay and the ancient citadel , of Helenistic origin, is preserved nearly intact . There are beautiful views to be seen during teh climp upto the castle . Four restaurants can be found around the bay.

***LORYMA

Preciesly when and by whom the fortress at Bozukkale was built is unknown . The ancient city of Loryma survived here until the IOth century, and a Byzantine writer mentions that the castle was built to protect the city.The architecture of the castle is similar ta that of the walls built by the Rhodesians on the Sehire Island in the Gulf of Kemre,so this may also have been part of the Rhodesian defenses:Its good state of preservation indicates that it must have remained in use until fairly recent times. On some charsts Bozukkale bay is marked as Oplosike Buku, a name deriving from the Grek word Hoploteke, meaning shipyard.Romans and Rhodesians,pirates and crusaders all kept watch from the round and angular turrets of the castle.Some references relate that warships were repaired and new fleets built in the shipyard here.A two and a half hour climb takes you to another castle North of the harbour.

43 . SERCE LIMAN

Stone cliffs guard the entrance to this spectacular bay like a portal,with slopes covered in dwarf oak. An underwater archaeology team led by Dr.George Bass recovered many artifacts including glass objects from an 11 century byzantine wreck. These finds are on display in the “glass wreck”room of the Medieval Age Hall in Bodrum Castle.The story goes that a ship was sailing to Loryma from a Fatimite port when the Meltem caused it to look for a harbour refuge.Attempting tı enter Serce the ship hit a rock and sank in 32 meters.A small restaurant ashore is the only building.

44 . ARAP ADASI

One of the less inviting bays to visit.

45 . GERBEKSE COVE

An anchorage of exceptional beauty the striking natural setting is anhanced by Byzantine ruis.

46 . CIFTLIK

A small snug bay partially protected by a small island of the same name.The ruins of the ancient city of Syrna are on the hillside and several restaurants can be found ashore

47, KADIRGA LIMAN

Another small bay wiht beaches that are rocky.An uninahbited lighthouse is on the headland and the coast is covered by brushwood and scattered olive groves.
48,KUMRU BUKU- The ruins of ancient Amos stand atop the cliffs here, overlooking the large bay. There is a long sand beach and the water is crystal clear. All facilities can be found ashore and the bay is becoming more and more popular therefore losing some of its tranquility.

*** AMOS

The ruis his ancient city are at Bahcealti on Asarcik Hill,which extends the towards the sea North of Kumlu Buku bay. It was a city major importance in ancient times, ruled by the Persians,Alexander the Great, Roman and Byzantine. The site is fortified by hellenistic period walls containing the remains of a theatre, temple and statuary. Part of the theatre, located on the side of the hill facing Marmaris is stil standing. The only excavations here have been carried out illegally by treasure hunters. The village children say that following downpours of rain they find coins and shards among the stones here.

49 . TURUNC BUKU

A small but very busy bay popular with day trippers from Marmaris. Several restaurants can be found ashore.

50 . MARMARİS

One of the most popular and modern resorts in Turkey. The castle in the harbour was built by Suleyman the Magnificent and is surrounded by the old quarter of the town with narrow streets and tiny houses. The pine clad triangular bay is magnificent and provides waters for dinghy and board sailing.

*** MARMARIS HISTORY

Marmaris is an ancient carian city, dating back to 3400BC.Formerly known as Physkos, it was an important port which acted as intermediary between Egypt and Rhodes The remains of Physkos can be seen on the Asartepe to the North of Marmaris . The Hellenistic period walls can stil be seen. An inscription found here tells us that before the conquest of Alexander the Great, Physkos was a town of Lindos under the admistration of Rhodes. In 324, the Physkonians fought the macedonians, but realizing that they had no hope of winning, gathered their women and children and valuable possessions into the keep and set it on fire rather then let them fall into Macedonian hands. Then setting their houses ablaze, the men retreated into the mountains. The city was subsequently ruled by the Romans, Byzantines, Mentese Principality and the Ottomans. Sultan Suleyman had the castle built here in 1557 but was reputedly dissatisfied with the result and had the architect hung. The name Marmaris is attributed to this story as deriving from the words “Mimar as”[literally hang the architect].
In his travels, the 17th Century traveller Evliya Celebi wrote “When the castle was first built its walls were forty pces long. It has two gates, on either side of which are battlements. There is an inscription over the North gate. Within the castle are fout emplacements, a granery and rooms for various purposes. The seawars walls and main gate of the castle are stil standing and restoration is underway. The ruins on Cennet island are thought to byzantine and include a monastery.

51 . KARAAGAC LIMAN

At the time of writing the area of Karaagac Liman is a military zone and a yacht should not attempt to enter or land there. A yacht should also endeavor to keep outside the restricted area at the entrance to the bay although in pratice yachts cut across it. There are reports it may be opened up in the future.

52 . EKINCIK LIMAN

Ekincik is the best place to leave your yacht for a visit to the ancient Caunos which is abount five mile sup the Koycegiz river. You should reckon on spending an unrushed day here as much for the scenery on route as for the ruins themselves. Ekincik is also picturesque especially in the SE where red cliffs and step wooded slopes rise abruptly from the anchorage.

***CAUNOS

Thoungh not spectacular, the ruins at Caunos are some of the most intersting along the coast because they are easy to absorb after your brief climb up the hill, beneath the ramparts high above. You can judge the position of Caunus as a port when you look down from the top of the theatre, though the sea has long since receededleaving the delta and marshland below, with a shallow lake where they found the indignant lion which stands in the open air at Koycegiz today after being submerged for 2000 years.
Though it was doubtful if aunus was colonized by the Greeks themselves, it was Hellenised by Mausolus, King of Caria, when the Persians appointed him governor of the province (377-353 BC) though he made his capital at Halicarnassus. Hence the Grecian-style theatre, set into the rock rather than constructed separately in the Roman style, which would have seated 5000 people. The view from the top is tremendous; towards the sea in one direction, over the cotton fields and the village behind the other.
Apart from the theatre, there are Roman baths with ancient piping, and the circular foundations of a small temple or pool. Herodotus believed that the Caunians came from Crete, whatever is trye they were subject to the usual sequence of invaders: the Persians in 387 BC who occupied Caunus along with other lycian ports; Abtigonus after the death of Alexander the Great when his generals fought for the succession; and by Rhodes. Then it became virtually a free state under Rome. The mysterious importance of aunus, which paid higher taxes than Ephesus, must have been due to the profitable sale of salt fish from the hatcheries which existed even then. But the city was doomed by virtue of its position and destroyed by another invader which proved fatal –the mosquitoes from the surrounding marshland, which brought an epidemic of Malaria.

53 . DELIKADA (Dalyan)

The small islet of the entrance of Koycegiz river which leads upto Dalyan village and the ancient ruins of Caunos. Also famous for the beach where the loggerhead tures come to breed each year(Caretta-Caretta).

54 . BABA ADASI

Small bay whit no facilities ashore.

55 . KIZILKUYRUK KOYU

A sheltered anchorage with a restaurant ashore which open in summer. From here you can vist ancient Lydae, about an hours walk to the West. The ruins, only Roman and Byzantine buildings remain, are on a splendidly isolated site: there are two masoleums in a fair state, sections of paved road and columns and other ancient debris lying about. The city was never an important one and after early Byzantine times it died out.
56, KUYRUK – A very deep and indifferent anchorage.

57 .  KAPI CREEK

A spectacular cove, too small for large yachts, with cliffs on either side split by narrow ravine at the head. On the west side of the creek are the ruins of two old dwellings with vaulted roofs, looking something like small chapels. The one with a triple vaulted roof is particularly intriguing as there is no obvious explanation for its complex canstruction. A short walk over the hill and you come to the sea again on the eastern side of the peninsular and here there is a delightful cove shaded by pine down to the waters edge.

58 . TWENTY TWO FATHOM COVE

A bay with a novel landscape of rock that has been weathered into jagged columns which poke up amongst the olive trees. There is a restaurant ashore.

59, RUIN BAY ( Cleopatra’s Bay)

This miniature cove lies in a much larger bay and can be readily identified by the conscuous ruins of several old stone buildings on the waters edge. Thick pine covered slopes engulf everything except the ruins in this exquisite bay. Several restaurants open in the summer.

60 . WALL BAY

Also lying in the same large bay as Ruin Bay it takes its name from a high wall on its South side. There is a simple restaurant above the rough stone quay at the end of the cove.

61 . SARSALA ISKELESI

The small bay surrounded by pine forest is more suitable for small boats. To the west of the peninsula there is an oldhouse and in the wather the remains of a pier. Behind the shore the coast gradually rises and a track leads to the hilltop lake of Kocagol and the ruins of ancient Lissay. For those who enjoy walking the in pleasant scenery the pine forest on the Eren hills South of the bay is delightful.

62 . DEEP BAY

A sheltered bay with a restaurant that opens in the summer.

63 . TOMB BAY

In the cliffs of the northern shore can be seen the apertures of rook tombs with olive trees at the foot. The ruins of the ancient city on the shore extend into the sea. A wreck can be seen while snorkeling on the west side of the bay; a couple of restaurants can be found ashore.

64 . DOMUZ ADASI

A private island apparently belonging to be owners of the Turkish Daily news and landing here is not allowed.

65 . TERSANE ADASI

Once an Ottman port noted for its boat building, is now a popular mooring point for yachts. It has a makeshift restaurant which sports an oriental corner for dancing largely performed by the young manager. Numerrous ruins around the shore date from Byzantine times and later. There are numerous substantial buildings, including a church, and many look as though they were lived in until comparatively recently. The only inhabitants now are the farmer and his family.

66 .  YASSICA ADALARI

A group of five small island with a pleasant days anchorage to be found on the North side of the southernmost island.

67 .  BOYNUZ BUKU

This fjord like bay is covered in pine woods on its North and South slopes but at the head is there is a lush stand of deciduous trees and oleander. Reeds grow aroun the mouths of the two creeks at each corner and the wather here tends to be a yellow muddy colour.
68, GÖCEK – Grown from a ramshackle little place to abustling charter boat resort many good restaurants can be found on the harbour front in this small but thoroughly pleasant spot.
We recommend the “Dr.Jazz Bar”
at the Water Front

69 . FETHİYE

 Fethiye was flattened in the same earthquake that destroyed Marmaris and the modern postquake town mostly comprises of reinforced concrete building of little charm. Here and there one sees the older style dwellings that survived the earthquake, little gems stuck in the concrete. Ancient Telmessus can be seen here. A11 facilities are available including good restaurants.

*** TELMESSOS

Fethiye lies on the site of Telmessos, the most important city of Lycia, so excavation is virtually impossible and the date of settlement remains unknown.
Pericles of Limra who tried to from the Lycian League in the 4th Century BC is known to have led a campaign against Telmessos.Telmessos was famed for its soothsayers, and the seer Aristandere of the city was invited by Philip of Macodoina to interpret a dream he had. Aristandere prophesied the birth of Alexander, who when grown took Aristandere with him on all campaigns. Because Aristandere was from Telmessos the city surrendered to Alexander without a struggle. IN 189 BC Telmessos became part of the kingdom of Pergamum, and in accordance with the last wishes of King Attalos 2nd of Pergamum, after his death Telmessos joined the Lycian league and minted its own coins. The city was stil inhabited during the early Byzantine era, but declined after the Arab incursions of the 7th Century. Two major earthquakes that desroyed Fethiye completely left Telmessos buried under ruble.
The earliest section of the city was built around the castle which we see today dates from Roman times, and the upper parts are medieval additions. The rock tombs on the hillside to the east are Hellenistic and date from 330-300 BC. Excations on the seaward of the castle have uncovered black painted shards, and rock tombs indicating that this was the site of the Hellenistic necropolis. Fragments of 3 Hellenistic steles found here bear inscriptions which mention a temple to Artemis. There are also some Roman and lycian tombs in this area.
The neighbourhoods of Karagozler, Cumhuriyet and Kesikkapi cover the site of ancient Telmossos. Apart from the destruction wreaked byearthquakes, the stone from the oldu city has been used for subsequent building. Ancient writers tell us that there used to be a theatre seating 6000 people southeast of the present pier. The grave of Aminthas, carved out of the hillside east of the town dates from 4th century. The monumental tomb raised on a plinth next to the government Office in the town is one of the finest surviving Lycian tombs of the 4th Century. The ruins at the junction of the main road and teh road at the cliffs are belived to belong to a temple to Apollo. There are numerous Roman and Byzantine tombs in the vicinity of Akinci Primary School.

70 . OLU DENIZ

The name literally measns Dead Sea, not because it contains no life but because of the stillness of its waters, which are as smooth as a mirror. The enclosed lagoon with its sandy beach and high mountains behind is place of considerable beauty but is now a prohibited area for yachts to enter. However you can anchor just outside if you wish to visit and dinghies are allowed inside the bay.
It is perfect for swimming and watersports and there are several restaurants nearby, anda motel.

71 . YESİLKOY LIMAN

A sheltered bay but can have swell if there are strong gusts. The surrounding slopes are covered with Maquis and Olives.

72 . KALKAN

Kalkan is the nearest safe harbour in which to visit Patara and Xanthos. Both sites well worth a visit although now partially covered with sand dunes. Good shopping for provisions and a number of suprisingly sophistcated restaurants are in the village.
***XANTHOS >Xanthos was established contemporaneously with Telmessos, but its people were were warriors rather than traders. They were extremely proud and independent and preferred to fight for their freedom, rather than open their doors to the enemy and pay for their independence as the Telmessians did. The city rose to a peak of spleandour in the mid IOth Century BC and was the capital of the Lycian league during the late Helen and Roman priods.
Preferring to die rather than be enslaved, the people of Xanthos surrendered to the persians in 545 BC nor to the army of Brutus in 42 AD but chose instead to shut their women- children and possessions in the castle and set fire to it before fighting the enemy to the death. Beside the well preserved theatre, there are Lycian and Roman pillartombs, an angora, palace, mosaics, part of a sarcophagus decorated with relief pictures er lion and human figures, and obeslisk with an inscription in two languages. Xanthos was plundered by the British scholar Sir Charles Fellows in the mid 19th century, and many of the finest pieces, such as the Nereidmonument and the Padafa sarcophagus and the frizes of the Harpy Tomb are now.’in the British Museum. How fellows managed to carry these enormous sarcophagi and marble friezes weighing tons is hard to concieve. However plenty of Xanthos’s monusments remain intact and the site is definitely worth seeing.

*** LETOON

At letoon some of the ruins are partially submerged in water. The remains of a temple, baths, fountain and theatre can be seen. According to mythology Letoon was named after the moon goddess Leto, mother of Apollo and Artemis. Leto means woman in Lycian, and accoding to one hypothesis te English word lady is derived from this.

*** PATARA

Patara, 6km.from Xanthos known as the birthplace of Apollo. A majorport for the grain trade in antiquity, today the ctiy is almost entirely buried by sand dunes, including the granary built by Hadrian, the Roman baths and temples. Only the theatre can be seen.
Taxis or Dolmus can be taken from Kalkan to Xanthos and Patara.

73 . BUCAK DENIZ

This bay lies in the rocky eastern shore of the Cukurbag, peninsula, a short walk over the isthmus to Kas village. The water here is exceptionally clear.

74 . KAS

Village and harbour lie at.the foot of step slopes in a cresent shaped bay sheltered by the Grek Island of Kastellorizon. Kas was Grek until 1922 and is one of the most enchenting places along this part of the coast. A11 needs are catered for near the harbour.

*** ANTIPHELLOS

sThe Lycian name for Kas was Hebessos or Hebesa. It was one of the oldest cities in the Lycian region and little remains today of the ancient city. It was probably sited on the hill between Bucak and open sea where the remains of walls can be seen on the seaward side. The theatre on the outskirts of the town overlooking the sea is worth visiting. There are remains of a temple above the harbour at the western side of the town, and Roman sarcophagi in the town and the waterfront.

75 . BAYINDIR LIMANI

One of the loveliest anchorages in the area. On the eastern shore are perpendicular cliffs in which are lycian rock tombs, at their foot is a sarcophagus standing in the water. The remainder of the coast is gently foreted with a marvelous view of kas and the mountains behind.

76 . ULU BURUN

On North east side of this cape the Institute for Nautical Archaeology under the direction of Dr. George Bass has been involved in the excavation of a Bronze Age shipwreck since 1984. ıt is thought that the wreck dates from the 14th Century BC making it the oldest Bronze age vessel so far excavated.

77 . KEKOVA ROADS

An area of idyllic beauty where the local people live amidst the ancient ruins, the ancient ruins, the synthesis of old and new imparting to Kekova it enchanting atmosphere. It is definitely worth getting up early one morning to see the sun rise here.

*** HISTORY

Saint Nicholas, bishop of Myra, inspired the myth father Christmas or Santa Claus. He was born in Patara in the 4th or 5th Century AD and rose to fame with his miraculous cures. Myra was an ancient Lycian city which later became a centre of Christianity. The old city is thought to have been inhabited until the middle ages.
The sheer rock face honeycombed with rock tombs on the one hand and the nearby acropolis and theatre are the main attractions of Myra. The tombs are a landmark visible from a considerable distance anda re the most remarkable collection of house tombs in Lycia. The well preserved Roman theatre dating from the 2nd Century AD is decorated with reliefs, and is one of the most superb architectual monuments of its age. Over the past few years studies have been carried out of the two ruined 7th century churches and basilica of Saint Nicholas thought to have been erected over his grave. The shrine was visited by thousands of Christian pilgrims, who created a lucrative market in oil believed to effect Andraike, wehere the Lycian granary was situated, lies at the mouth of Derme river 5km from Myra. The granary was built during the reign of Hadrian, and grain was shipped from here to Rome or to the theatres of war during campaigns against the Persians. There are churches, small chapels, tombs and an ancient watermill here. The city was probably the port of Myra.

78 . POLEMOS BUKU

A long inlet lying at the western end of Kekova, excellent shelter and it has been reported that there are some underwater ruins off one of the small islets on the North side.

79 . TERSANE

A picturesque and miniature cove with a small beach lying at the head crytal clear water over the sandy bottom. On the rising shore are the ruins of a Byzantine church amidst the eucalyptus trees. There are remains of ancient city on the hilltop and on the western shore the ancient quay and foundations of warehouses lie just below the surface.

80 .  KALE KOY

The most conspicuous object here is the magnificent castle situated on a step ridge on the western side of the entrance to Ucagiz Limani. Its battlements stand out dramatically over the hamlet below. The anchorage here is only suitable in calm weather. There are numerous retaurants ashore.

81 . UCAGIZ LIMAN

A landlocked bay lying through a rocky channel, Ucagiz is a ramshackle little hemlet from a former age. Just east of the hamlet are numerous sarcophagi and a rock tomb by the waters edge. Numerous restaurants ashore which operate a courtesy boat to and fro. Some provisions are available.

*** THEIMUSSA (UCAGIZ)

Inscriptions tell us that the city was in existence in the 4th Century BC. There are not many remains on land, although a wall and graves can be seen in the sea. The earliest tomb zn the city is a sarcophagus carved with the figure of a naked youth. Other sarcophagi date from Roman period.

*** APERLAI (SICAK ISKELESI)

Theruins of Aperlai can be reached by motorboat from Ucagız or Kas. Located on the Sicak peninsula, the city is thought to have been founded in the 4th or 5th Century BC and represented Sinema in the Lycian league. The walls around the city date from the early Roman period, but the other structures are Byzantine or Medieval. There are three Gates in the walls and Roman sarcophagi outside the walls.

82, KARALOZ

This miniature fjord is a grand and wild place, the landscape is rugged with scanty marquis on the rocky slopes. The water is crystal clear and the fishing in the vicinity is good.

83 . GOKKAYA

The channels here are fascinating to potter around in, being not like miniature fjord. Except for the restaurant owner and the occasional fisherman, this lovely anchorage is entirely desserted. A freshwater spring bubbles up into the sea so that the water is refreshingly cool in summer. Unfortunately a holiday camp is under construction and no doubt will radically change this tranquil spot.

84 . ANDRAKI

An unsecured anchorage with a restaurant on the shingle beach. Myra and Derme are about 5km away.

85 . FİNİKE

With a safe harbour; Finike is a dusty ramshackle town serving the surrounding market , gardening area. On the alluvial plain east of the town green houses occupy every square of fertile ground . Nothing remains of ancient Phoenicus and also nearby ancient Lymra. All facilities are cattered for.

***LYMRA

One of the oldest Lycian cities lies about half an hours road journey away. The city, which dates from at least the 5th century BC , is noted for its hillside riddle with rock tombs, two enormous Lycian Sarchopagi embellished with reliefs at the foot of the acropolis,a nd neriod statues, known as Heroons which adorn a multiple grave on the summit of the acropolis. It is a stiff climb upto the acropolis but well worth the effort. This was a properous city possessing large tracts of fertile land. After its own harbour was silted up, it continued to export products from Finike. Pericles of Lycia chose Limyra as hi capital when forming the Lycian league
And it was here that the etrnal flame of Lycia was first lit. In the 4th and 5th centuries this region was subdued by the Persians and ruled by satrap, until taken in 333BC by Alexander the Great during his quest of Anatolia. After Alexander’s death Lymra passed from hand to hand among his squabbling generals. In 197 BC thecity came under Syrian hegemony until the Roman defeat of Syria, following a disastrous earthquake in AD 141 . The city retained its importance durinfg Byzantine times, when it became the seat of the local diocese.

86 . KARAÖZ

This is a large bay on the east side of the Gulf of Finike and has a large holiday village which is very conspicuous. There are a few house ashore.

87 . ÇAVUŞ LİMAN

A large bay surrouned by low forested hills and a beach to the west. There are a few dwellings around the shore and numerous green houses around the slopesof the central valley. There is a restaurant at the south end of the beach. The bay is most attractive with twin cultivated valleys dropping down between the rocky slopes covered in pine to the long beach.

CENEVİZ LİMANI

The deserted bay is magnificent with awe inspiring cliffs dropping sheer into the sea on the eastern side of Musa Dağı. There is no other anchorage on this coast so grand and pine trees grow wherever they can. Visit the ruins of Olympos from here.

***OLYMPOS

One of the most important cities in the Lycian league, Olimpos was founded during the Heelenistic period. Coins were minted here in the 2nd century. The city bacame the stronghold of the notorious corsairZeniketes, who was finally defeated in sea battle against the Roman Lycian navy off Gelidonia in 78 Bc, and the city regained . Inscriptions here tell us that after after his defeat Zenitekes retired to his fort nera Olmpos and burned to death when his torch dropped setting fire to his house. Under the Romans the city became prosperous and was visited by the emperor Hadrian in 129. It was renamed Hadrianopolis in his honor and knowby his name for several years. In the 2nd century the wealthy Opramoas financed a building proggramme in the city. Subsequently Olimpos fell into the hands of Venetian and Genoese Pirate, and the Genoese built a wall around the harbour. The ruined walls which can be seen on other side of the stream belong to a temple built during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. The buildings behind the temple are Byzantine and include a theatre and basilica.

ÇIRALI LİMAN

An open anchorage with spectacular scenery with steep craggy slopes cut by ravines and scarps covered in thick growth , near the shore sand dunes boder the long beach which has restaurants and a motel around .

AT BÜKÜ LİMANI

A small and not very sheltered bay.

TEKİROVA

Large bay with ancient ruins of Phaselis lying along the shores.

PHASELIS

The city is thought to have been founded in the 7th century BC and was subsequently ruled by the Persians and Alexander the Great. Phaselis submitted without struggle to Alexander and offered his armies hospitality. Following the death of Alexander, from 309 to 197 BC, the city was ruled by the Ptolemies of Egypt and under the truce of Apameia was given to the Kingdom of Rhodes along with the other Lycian cities. From 160 onwards it was a member of the Lycian league under the hegemony of Rome until , like Olimpos , it was subjugated by pirates in the 1st century BC. In 42 BC Brutus re-established Roman rule over Phaselis, and under the Byzantines the city was diocese. Attracted by its harbours, pirates again attackled the city in the 3rd century and the city went into a decline that was accelerated by arab incurionss. In the 1th century it lost what vestigates of trade remained to the ports of Alanya and Antalya, where the Selçuks centered their navies.
A main street links the naval harbour to the north with the southern harbour. The portal leading to the southern section of this road dates from the period of Hadrian. There are the reömains of shops behind the street, a theatre and walls. Many tombs can be seen in the necropolis on the steep hill behind the harbour. The terrace of hewn stone near the northern harbour was part of a temple.

92. KEMER